Effects of vegetarianism on bone mineral density

Abstract

Anna-Liisa Tamm

Statement of the Problem: Vegetarianism is an increasing trend in Western world and among other reasons that influence calcium level probably one cause of osteoporosis. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of vegetarianism to bone mineral density (BMD) and blood vitamin D and calcium level, considering other influencing factors as age and gender. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Altogether 171 subjects were recruited to study: 103 adult omnivores (O; �??=81; �??=22) and 68 vegetarians (V; �??=51; �??=17) who did not eaten meat at least past two years. Total and regional (lumbar spine - L1L4; femoral neck - FN) BMD was measured with dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcium concentration was determined by BS-120 chemistry analyzer and vitamin D by ELISA. The t-test, univariate and multiple linear regression analysis were done. Findings: Results showed that V had considerably lower L1L4 (p=.045) and FN (p=.019) BMD, that was more different in men group; but in general women’s BMD in comparing to men was lower (total BMD p<0.001). Results of univariate linear regression analysis show, that age and gender also had an effect on BMD; FNBMD: V vs O coef-.045; p=.028, female vs male coef-.08; p<.001; total BMD: female vs male coef-.094, p<0.001; older vs younger coef.002, p=.004; L1L4BMD older vs younger coef.002; p=.038. After adjustment for age and gender the situation stay quite same. Calcium levels were mostly in recommended level (2,02-2,60 mmol/l) in both groups, but significantly higher in O group (p=.026). Vitamin D level was not differing in groups, but were below the recommended level in 43.5% and 35,1% of V and O participants, respectively. Conclusion & Significance: V had lower FNBMD, even vegetarianism was found to have a positive effect on calcium concentration.

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